WTE Full Text Documents - English (online available)
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Re: Full Text Documents - English (online available)
116.Recovery dynamics and viability of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Germany
Justine Sulawa, Alexandre Robert, Ulrich Köppen, Peter Hauff, Oliver Krone
Understanding the effect of protection measures on recovery of endangered populations is crucial for assessing the efficiency of management plans. Following the ban of DDT, PCB and other detrimental chemicals in the 1970s, the German white-tailed eagle population recovered rapidly. Using nest monitoring data, dead recovery data and population dynamics models, we examined both short and long-term viabilities of the population. (...)
Received: 14 October 2008 / Accepted: 26 July 2009 / Published online: 13 August 2009; copyright: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009; Biodivers Conserv (2010) 19:97–112; DOI 10.1007/s10531-009-9705-4
KW: conservation measure efficiency, population dynamics modelling, recovered species, reproductive rates, survival analysis
http://www.springerlink.com/content/y22 ... lltext.pdf
Justine Sulawa, Alexandre Robert, Ulrich Köppen, Peter Hauff, Oliver Krone
Understanding the effect of protection measures on recovery of endangered populations is crucial for assessing the efficiency of management plans. Following the ban of DDT, PCB and other detrimental chemicals in the 1970s, the German white-tailed eagle population recovered rapidly. Using nest monitoring data, dead recovery data and population dynamics models, we examined both short and long-term viabilities of the population. (...)
Received: 14 October 2008 / Accepted: 26 July 2009 / Published online: 13 August 2009; copyright: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009; Biodivers Conserv (2010) 19:97–112; DOI 10.1007/s10531-009-9705-4
KW: conservation measure efficiency, population dynamics modelling, recovered species, reproductive rates, survival analysis
http://www.springerlink.com/content/y22 ... lltext.pdf
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117.Action Plan for the conservation of White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS
Standing Committee, 22nd meeting, Strasbourg, 2-5 December 2002
http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/ ... _Eagle.pdf
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS
Standing Committee, 22nd meeting, Strasbourg, 2-5 December 2002
http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/ ... _Eagle.pdf
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118.Dangers in nature
The four seasons conceal typical dangers for the inhabitants of certain biotopes.
White-tailed Eagles mentioned
Pictures
http://www.madarpark.hu/files/press/12_deutsch.pdf
The four seasons conceal typical dangers for the inhabitants of certain biotopes.
White-tailed Eagles mentioned
Pictures
http://www.madarpark.hu/files/press/12_deutsch.pdf
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119.Minimizing Collision Risk Between Migrating Raptors and Marine Wind Farms: Development of a Spatial Planning Tool
Anette Jægerfeldt Baisner, Jonas Lembcke Andersen, Anders Findsen, Simon Wilhelm Yde Granath, Karin Ølgaard Madsen, Mark Desholm
Environmental Management (2010) 46:801–808, DOI 10.1007/s00267-010-9541-z
Received: 3 February 2010 / Accepted: 10 July 2010 / Published online: 15 August 2010
Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
KW: Collision zone, gliding equation, migration, hotspots, risk window, Buteo buteo
http://www.springerlink.com/content/h614j764882xh741/
Anette Jægerfeldt Baisner, Jonas Lembcke Andersen, Anders Findsen, Simon Wilhelm Yde Granath, Karin Ølgaard Madsen, Mark Desholm
Environmental Management (2010) 46:801–808, DOI 10.1007/s00267-010-9541-z
Received: 3 February 2010 / Accepted: 10 July 2010 / Published online: 15 August 2010
Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
KW: Collision zone, gliding equation, migration, hotspots, risk window, Buteo buteo
http://www.springerlink.com/content/h614j764882xh741/
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120.Ban for poison used to kill birds of prey
Ireland; Newspaper article by Paul Melia, Irish Independent, October 18th 2010
http://www.independent.ie/national-news ... 83731.html
White-tailed eagle death the first since legal ban on poison
By Donal Hickey, Thursday, December 23, 2010
Read more: http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/wh ... z19ITh2zb0
Ireland; Newspaper article by Paul Melia, Irish Independent, October 18th 2010
http://www.independent.ie/national-news ... 83731.html
White-tailed eagle death the first since legal ban on poison
By Donal Hickey, Thursday, December 23, 2010
Read more: http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/wh ... z19ITh2zb0
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121.White-tailed Eagle Protection in Hungary
Map, Pictures
http://da000241.host.inode.at/files/410 ... Parrag.pdf
Map, Pictures
http://da000241.host.inode.at/files/410 ... Parrag.pdf
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122.White-tailed Eagles in Austria
Interview with Remo Probst about the White-tailed Eagle in Austria, September 6th 2010
Pictures
http://www.europeanraptors.org/intervie ... emo_probst
Interview with Remo Probst about the White-tailed Eagle in Austria, September 6th 2010
Pictures
http://www.europeanraptors.org/intervie ... emo_probst
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123.Carbofuran poisoning incidents in the Czech Republic
“The number of the reported cases of poisoning and the detected baits has significantly increased over the last 10 years. At the same time poisoning has become increasingly serious, especially with regard to the number of the poisoned eagles. Approximately 65 couples of this critically endangered species nest in the Czech Republic; in some years almost 10 eagles were poisoned with carbofuran confirmed.”
Carbofuran – key facts
-What is carbofuran?
-How does carbofuran kill?
-Why do we deal with poisoning?
-How to recognise poison bait?
-How to recognise poisoned animal?
-What to do if you find poisoned bait or poisoned animal?
General information:
http://www.karbofuran.cz/index.php?m
Map and Database: Reported cases of poisonings (Czech Republic)
http://www.karbofuran.cz/db.php?f
Web authors/Karbofuran.cz: Zdeněk Vermouzek, manager of Free Wings programme (text); MVDr. Vojtěch Mrlík (text); Tomáš Telenský (web); Jiří Kaláček (graphic)
E-mail contact authors: http://www.karbofuran.cz/web.php?b
“The number of the reported cases of poisoning and the detected baits has significantly increased over the last 10 years. At the same time poisoning has become increasingly serious, especially with regard to the number of the poisoned eagles. Approximately 65 couples of this critically endangered species nest in the Czech Republic; in some years almost 10 eagles were poisoned with carbofuran confirmed.”
Carbofuran – key facts
-What is carbofuran?
-How does carbofuran kill?
-Why do we deal with poisoning?
-How to recognise poison bait?
-How to recognise poisoned animal?
-What to do if you find poisoned bait or poisoned animal?
General information:
http://www.karbofuran.cz/index.php?m
Map and Database: Reported cases of poisonings (Czech Republic)
http://www.karbofuran.cz/db.php?f
Web authors/Karbofuran.cz: Zdeněk Vermouzek, manager of Free Wings programme (text); MVDr. Vojtěch Mrlík (text); Tomáš Telenský (web); Jiří Kaláček (graphic)
E-mail contact authors: http://www.karbofuran.cz/web.php?b
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124.Danish White-tailed Eagles found poisoned, 2010
Article in English at Raptor Politics:
http://raptorpolitics.org.uk/?p=1772
Articles (in Danish) at “Projekt Ørn”/DOF:
http://www.dof.dk/sider/index.php?optio ... 46&Itemid=
Article in English at Raptor Politics:
http://raptorpolitics.org.uk/?p=1772
Articles (in Danish) at “Projekt Ørn”/DOF:
http://www.dof.dk/sider/index.php?optio ... 46&Itemid=
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125.White-Tailed Eagles on the Isle of Mull
Population 2010
Habitat, Courtship, Breeding, Menu, Victorian Persecution, Reintroduction etc.
Pictures
http://www.white-tailed-sea-eagle.co.uk ... -2010.html
Population 2010
Habitat, Courtship, Breeding, Menu, Victorian Persecution, Reintroduction etc.
Pictures
http://www.white-tailed-sea-eagle.co.uk ... -2010.html
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126.Collision risk in white-tailed eagles. Modelling collision risk using vantage point observations in Smøla wind-power plant
"Foreword: In July 2010 NINA was contacted by Chris Marden from SSE Renewables, Scotland. He asked whether we could analyze the vantage point data from Smøla to derive avoidance rates for white-tailed eagles using the so-called ‘Band’ collision risk model. SSE Renewables wished to receive an increased insight into these avoidance rates for use in a pre-construction collision risk assessment for white-tailed eagles concerning the development of a wind-power plant in Scotland. The report presents the results from this modelling exercise."
10.12.2010 Roel May
May, R., Hoel, P.L., Langston, R., Dahl, E.L., Bevanger, K., Reitan, O., Nygård, T., Pedersen, H.C., Røskaft, E. & Stokke, B.G. 2010. Collision risk in white-tailed eagles. Modelling collision risk using vantage point observations in Smøla wind-power plant. – NINA Report 639. 25 pp.
E-mail contact adresses authors: see document.
Trondheim, December, 2010, © Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Map, tables
http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBase ... 10/639.pdf
"Foreword: In July 2010 NINA was contacted by Chris Marden from SSE Renewables, Scotland. He asked whether we could analyze the vantage point data from Smøla to derive avoidance rates for white-tailed eagles using the so-called ‘Band’ collision risk model. SSE Renewables wished to receive an increased insight into these avoidance rates for use in a pre-construction collision risk assessment for white-tailed eagles concerning the development of a wind-power plant in Scotland. The report presents the results from this modelling exercise."
10.12.2010 Roel May
May, R., Hoel, P.L., Langston, R., Dahl, E.L., Bevanger, K., Reitan, O., Nygård, T., Pedersen, H.C., Røskaft, E. & Stokke, B.G. 2010. Collision risk in white-tailed eagles. Modelling collision risk using vantage point observations in Smøla wind-power plant. – NINA Report 639. 25 pp.
E-mail contact adresses authors: see document.
Trondheim, December, 2010, © Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
Map, tables
http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBase ... 10/639.pdf
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127.Young White-tailed Eagle near Halle, Eastern Germany, returned into “the wild” (July 2009).
The rings of this bird could be read in Poland at December 22nd 2009
Summary
June 30th, 2009: A Family from Brachstedt, a village in the district Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt, reported to the Halle Zoo a big raptor which had caught a hen and was still on site, sitting on a barn. The bird could be identified by an ornithologist as a young White-tailed Eagle. At July 2nd the exhausted and emaciated youngster tried his luck again in a chicken-run in Brachstedt, but got caught up in the netting. He was captured and brought to Halle Zoo.
A fortnight later, the eagle - meanwhile ringed* and fully recovered - was released near Burgliebenau, in an area with a lot of waterfowl. He flew without any problems (leaving aside that he has been attacked several times by a marsh harrier).
At December 22nd 2009 the rings of this eagle could be read at Niezgoda, Zmigrod (Dolnoslaskie), Poland – 346 kilometres east of the place where he has been returned into “the wild”. (See the map in the German article to find Brachstedt/Halle Zoo/Burgliebenau/Niezgoda.)
*Ringing: left a Hiddenseering (Hiddensee = German isle in the Baltic Sea/Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), golden anodised, AA8555; right a white ring with black inscription AD74 (see the picture in the article)
Pictures, map
German text by Timm Spretke (deputy director/Zoological Garden, Halle), direct link:
http://www.ornithologischer-verein-halle.de/beob03.htm
Source: Ornithologischer Verein Halle
http://www.ornithologischer-verein-halle.de/
Click at: Beobachtungen/Besonderheiten/ 30.06.-16.07.2009 junger Seeadler (Haliaeetus albicilla) bei Halle
Thanks to Timm Spretke for allowing this summary translation of his text to be published at The Haliaeetus albicilla Collection, Looduskalender
The rings of this bird could be read in Poland at December 22nd 2009
Summary
June 30th, 2009: A Family from Brachstedt, a village in the district Saalekreis in Saxony-Anhalt, reported to the Halle Zoo a big raptor which had caught a hen and was still on site, sitting on a barn. The bird could be identified by an ornithologist as a young White-tailed Eagle. At July 2nd the exhausted and emaciated youngster tried his luck again in a chicken-run in Brachstedt, but got caught up in the netting. He was captured and brought to Halle Zoo.
A fortnight later, the eagle - meanwhile ringed* and fully recovered - was released near Burgliebenau, in an area with a lot of waterfowl. He flew without any problems (leaving aside that he has been attacked several times by a marsh harrier).
At December 22nd 2009 the rings of this eagle could be read at Niezgoda, Zmigrod (Dolnoslaskie), Poland – 346 kilometres east of the place where he has been returned into “the wild”. (See the map in the German article to find Brachstedt/Halle Zoo/Burgliebenau/Niezgoda.)
*Ringing: left a Hiddenseering (Hiddensee = German isle in the Baltic Sea/Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), golden anodised, AA8555; right a white ring with black inscription AD74 (see the picture in the article)
Pictures, map
German text by Timm Spretke (deputy director/Zoological Garden, Halle), direct link:
http://www.ornithologischer-verein-halle.de/beob03.htm
Source: Ornithologischer Verein Halle
http://www.ornithologischer-verein-halle.de/
Click at: Beobachtungen/Besonderheiten/ 30.06.-16.07.2009 junger Seeadler (Haliaeetus albicilla) bei Halle
Thanks to Timm Spretke for allowing this summary translation of his text to be published at The Haliaeetus albicilla Collection, Looduskalender
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128. Talon spotters: Hundreds of twitchers flock to see giant white-tailed eagle soaring over the New Forest, UK
By Daily Mail Reporter; last updated at 12:42 PM on 10th January 2011
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article ... z1B8oncgfJ
Birdwatchers gather in the New Forest hoping to spot a rare eagle
Monday 10th January 2011. By Bob Jolliffe
Video
http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/8 ... ew_Forest/
Bird watchers at New Forest can still see rare eagle
Bournemouth Echo, 2:30pm Thursday 20th January 2011
http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/8 ... are_eagle/
See also: Video Collection, no. 23: White-tailed Eagle in West Sussex, December 2010
viewtopic.php?f=46&t=251&st=0&sk=t&sd=a&start=20
Rare white-tailed eagle spotted in Hampshire
Published 03 March 2011, The Telegraph
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildli ... shire.html
By Daily Mail Reporter; last updated at 12:42 PM on 10th January 2011
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article ... z1B8oncgfJ
Birdwatchers gather in the New Forest hoping to spot a rare eagle
Monday 10th January 2011. By Bob Jolliffe
Video
http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/8 ... ew_Forest/
Bird watchers at New Forest can still see rare eagle
Bournemouth Echo, 2:30pm Thursday 20th January 2011
http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/8 ... are_eagle/
See also: Video Collection, no. 23: White-tailed Eagle in West Sussex, December 2010
viewtopic.php?f=46&t=251&st=0&sk=t&sd=a&start=20
Rare white-tailed eagle spotted in Hampshire
Published 03 March 2011, The Telegraph
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildli ... shire.html
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129.White-tailed Eagles collide with wind generators/Germany
Two White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) collide with wind generators in northern Germany
Oliver Krone and Christian Scharnweber. Received 3 July 2002; accepted 16 March 2003
Map of the Baltic Sea with its surrounding states. Inset showing strike locations; i.e., wind power plants and breeding sites in northeastern Germany.
KW: wind power plants, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, migration, wintering
http://www.seeadlerforschung.de/downloa ... eagles.pdf
Two White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) collide with wind generators in northern Germany
Oliver Krone and Christian Scharnweber. Received 3 July 2002; accepted 16 March 2003
Map of the Baltic Sea with its surrounding states. Inset showing strike locations; i.e., wind power plants and breeding sites in northeastern Germany.
KW: wind power plants, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, migration, wintering
http://www.seeadlerforschung.de/downloa ... eagles.pdf
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130.Vigilance in a flock of semi-tame Greylag Geese Anser anser in response to approaching eagles Haliaeetus albicilla and Aquila chrysaetos
Kurt Kotrschal, Josef Hemetsberger and John Dittami, Wildfowl, 1992
Click to find the article:
http://www.klf.ac.at/downloads/Kotrscha ... 201992.pdf
Learn more about the Konrad Lorenz Research Station:
http://www.klf.ac.at/Institution/institution.htm
Kurt Kotrschal, Josef Hemetsberger and John Dittami, Wildfowl, 1992
Click to find the article:
http://www.klf.ac.at/downloads/Kotrscha ... 201992.pdf
Learn more about the Konrad Lorenz Research Station:
http://www.klf.ac.at/Institution/institution.htm
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131.List of articles on White-tailed Eagles, different themes and countries. Source: Eagle Studies, 1996
B.-U. Meyburg & R. D. Chancellor (eds.) 1996, EAGLE STUDIES, WWGBP: Berlin, London & Paris, ISBN 3-9801961-1-9, 549 pp.
All articles available at the website of the W.W.G.B.P. =
The World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owl
Weltarbeitsgruppe für Greifvögel und Eulen e.V.
Groupe de Travail Mondial sur les Rapaces
Ganusevich S (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Kola Peninsula.
Eagle Studies, p 47-50
Randla T & Tammur E (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Population and Breeding Productivity in Estonia and some regions of NW Europe.
Eagle Studies, p 51-56
Drobelis R (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Lithuania.
Eagle Studies, p 135-136
Ivanovsky V (1996):
Current Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Byelorussia.
Eagle Studies, p 137-139
Cherkas ND (1996):
Data on Nesting of White-tailed Sea Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Polessie (Byelorussia).
Eagle Studies, p 141-142
Mrlik V & Horák P (1996):
White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Southern Moravia.
Eagle Studies, p 143-145
Tevely R (1996):
The Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Hungary.
Eagle Studies, p 147-148
Kolisnyk J & Gorban I (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 165-168
Gorban I & Salyga Y (1996):
Current Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 169
Gorban I, Salyga Y & Khimin M (1996):
Protection of Wintering Sea Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 171-172
Abuladze A & Eligulashvili B (1996):
The White-tailed Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Transcaucasus.
Eagle Studies, p 173-176
V. Aliskerov SV (1996):
Observations on Haliaeetus albicilla and Haliaeetus pelagicus on Lake Udil in the Far East.
Eagle Studies, p 177-179
Find the table of contents/texts at “download of articles”
http://www.raptors-international.org/bo ... _1996.html
B.-U. Meyburg & R. D. Chancellor (eds.) 1996, EAGLE STUDIES, WWGBP: Berlin, London & Paris, ISBN 3-9801961-1-9, 549 pp.
All articles available at the website of the W.W.G.B.P. =
The World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owl
Weltarbeitsgruppe für Greifvögel und Eulen e.V.
Groupe de Travail Mondial sur les Rapaces
Ganusevich S (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Kola Peninsula.
Eagle Studies, p 47-50
Randla T & Tammur E (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Population and Breeding Productivity in Estonia and some regions of NW Europe.
Eagle Studies, p 51-56
Drobelis R (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Lithuania.
Eagle Studies, p 135-136
Ivanovsky V (1996):
Current Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Byelorussia.
Eagle Studies, p 137-139
Cherkas ND (1996):
Data on Nesting of White-tailed Sea Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Polessie (Byelorussia).
Eagle Studies, p 141-142
Mrlik V & Horák P (1996):
White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Southern Moravia.
Eagle Studies, p 143-145
Tevely R (1996):
The Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Hungary.
Eagle Studies, p 147-148
Kolisnyk J & Gorban I (1996):
The White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 165-168
Gorban I & Salyga Y (1996):
Current Status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 169
Gorban I, Salyga Y & Khimin M (1996):
Protection of Wintering Sea Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla in Ukraine.
Eagle Studies, p 171-172
Abuladze A & Eligulashvili B (1996):
The White-tailed Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Transcaucasus.
Eagle Studies, p 173-176
V. Aliskerov SV (1996):
Observations on Haliaeetus albicilla and Haliaeetus pelagicus on Lake Udil in the Far East.
Eagle Studies, p 177-179
Find the table of contents/texts at “download of articles”
http://www.raptors-international.org/bo ... _1996.html
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132.A White-tailed Eagle project in Lithuania
The Foundation for the Development of Nature Protection Projects
White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Source: Public Establishment “The Foundation for the Development of Nature Protection Projects”
Savanorių pr.173, Vilnius, LT-03150, Lithuania Phone: (+370 5) 236 1600 Fax: (+370 5) 236 1601 E-mail: gpv.fondas@litagra.lt http://www.litagra.lt/en/gpvf
http://www.litagra.lt/get.php?f.1586
The Foundation for the Development of Nature Protection Projects
White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Source: Public Establishment “The Foundation for the Development of Nature Protection Projects”
Savanorių pr.173, Vilnius, LT-03150, Lithuania Phone: (+370 5) 236 1600 Fax: (+370 5) 236 1601 E-mail: gpv.fondas@litagra.lt http://www.litagra.lt/en/gpvf
http://www.litagra.lt/get.php?f.1586
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133.Young sea eagle numbers soaring in Scotland
BBC News, Highlands & Islands, 4 November 2010 Last updated at 06:46 GMT
Pairs of white-tailed sea eagles in Scotland produced more young during 2010 than in any other year since they were reintroduced 35 years ago.
Read more: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-h ... s-11686816
BBC News, Highlands & Islands, 4 November 2010 Last updated at 06:46 GMT
Pairs of white-tailed sea eagles in Scotland produced more young during 2010 than in any other year since they were reintroduced 35 years ago.
Read more: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-h ... s-11686816
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134.Common breeding of Buzzard (Buteo buteo) and White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in a nest of White-tailed Eagle
By Jörg Kasper
There is proof of twelve White-tailed Eagle breeding pairs in the Lower Silesian region (Germany) in 2002. The breeding of two more pairs has been assumed.
Members of the Professional Group Ornithologie Niesky watched from a larger distance, but with good observation conditions, an unusual event in a nest: a White-tailed Eagle pair raised up a Buzzard together with their own chick. Both young birds fledged.*
The eagle pair occupied the nesting site end of February/early March 2002. On March 7th the eagles started breeding. One of them was present at the nest constantly now. Probably on April 16th one eaglet hatched, but not until May 1st it could be said definitely that only one chick was in the nest. At May 25th an uncommon trouble was noticed there. After one of the adults brought fresh food, the eaglet ate by itself besides the other adult bird. Suddely the bright head of a second young bird in downy plumage became visible. It was fed immediately by the adult eagle.
During the next days it was very difficult to observe this chick, because it almost always ducked down deep into the nest. But on June 10th it could be clearly identified as Buzzard (Buteo buteo). As of June 24th his wing exercises has been observed. On June 29th it was reported that the young Buzzard sat at a spruce about 30 metres next to the nest. Several times a day he flew back to the nest to get his food. The maiden flight of the young White-tailed Eagle was noticed on July 3rd ; both young birds came back to the nest constantly, and on this day both were around the adults, begging for food.
Since July 4th, the Buzzard was no longer seen, while the young Eagle stayed along with his parents near the nesting site until mid-November.
How the Buzzard got into the eagle´s nest will probably remain a mistery; nevertheless it´s not the first known case of common breading. Some young living Buzzards in a White-tailed Eagle nest were discovered in Poland in occasion of ringing the eagle offspring (Mrugasiewicz 1984, Hussong 1990 with pictures).
Peter Hauff, since many years engaged in the ringing of eagles in Mecklenburg-Western Pommerania, sent this note to the editorial team: “I can report such a case from the last year. While ringing about six week old eagles we found the headless body of a some days old bird of prey in the nest. Obviously the bird died just a short time before. O. Krone (Berlin) identified it by gene analysis as a young Buzzard. Now to my thought about this theme, after reading your article: The nesting time of both species is well known. Both young birds fledged at the same time – that´s surely the most important fact for further considerations. Nesting time White-tailed Eagles: twelve weeks; Buzzards: seven or eight weeks. So it can be excluded that both had hatched at the same time in this nest. A further breeding of the smaller Buzzard egg for three or four weeks can be excluded, too.
(See no.135)
By Jörg Kasper
There is proof of twelve White-tailed Eagle breeding pairs in the Lower Silesian region (Germany) in 2002. The breeding of two more pairs has been assumed.
Members of the Professional Group Ornithologie Niesky watched from a larger distance, but with good observation conditions, an unusual event in a nest: a White-tailed Eagle pair raised up a Buzzard together with their own chick. Both young birds fledged.*
The eagle pair occupied the nesting site end of February/early March 2002. On March 7th the eagles started breeding. One of them was present at the nest constantly now. Probably on April 16th one eaglet hatched, but not until May 1st it could be said definitely that only one chick was in the nest. At May 25th an uncommon trouble was noticed there. After one of the adults brought fresh food, the eaglet ate by itself besides the other adult bird. Suddely the bright head of a second young bird in downy plumage became visible. It was fed immediately by the adult eagle.
During the next days it was very difficult to observe this chick, because it almost always ducked down deep into the nest. But on June 10th it could be clearly identified as Buzzard (Buteo buteo). As of June 24th his wing exercises has been observed. On June 29th it was reported that the young Buzzard sat at a spruce about 30 metres next to the nest. Several times a day he flew back to the nest to get his food. The maiden flight of the young White-tailed Eagle was noticed on July 3rd ; both young birds came back to the nest constantly, and on this day both were around the adults, begging for food.
Since July 4th, the Buzzard was no longer seen, while the young Eagle stayed along with his parents near the nesting site until mid-November.
How the Buzzard got into the eagle´s nest will probably remain a mistery; nevertheless it´s not the first known case of common breading. Some young living Buzzards in a White-tailed Eagle nest were discovered in Poland in occasion of ringing the eagle offspring (Mrugasiewicz 1984, Hussong 1990 with pictures).
Peter Hauff, since many years engaged in the ringing of eagles in Mecklenburg-Western Pommerania, sent this note to the editorial team: “I can report such a case from the last year. While ringing about six week old eagles we found the headless body of a some days old bird of prey in the nest. Obviously the bird died just a short time before. O. Krone (Berlin) identified it by gene analysis as a young Buzzard. Now to my thought about this theme, after reading your article: The nesting time of both species is well known. Both young birds fledged at the same time – that´s surely the most important fact for further considerations. Nesting time White-tailed Eagles: twelve weeks; Buzzards: seven or eight weeks. So it can be excluded that both had hatched at the same time in this nest. A further breeding of the smaller Buzzard egg for three or four weeks can be excluded, too.
(See no.135)
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135. The idea that captured chicks from other raptor nests in exceptional cases could survive in White-tailed Eagles nests may sound perhaps a bit fantastic, but it seems to be plausible for me. The eagles may raise them up with their own chicks, if they beg for food like the young eagles do. I would take this for the probable cause…”
This assumption is shared by J. Frölich und W. Baumgart (personal message to S. Ernst), bird of prey experts which have been asked concerning this case. Baumgart wrote additional: “Such cases can almost be observed at single pairs, who specialised in nest predation.” W. Spank reported another case to me. He is aware of a White-tailed Eagle pair in Upper Lusatia (Eastern Germany), which used to bring young Buzzards in their nest in several years. In this nest, located at Milkeler Heide/Raudener Teiche, the carcass remains of a one week old Buzzard were found by the side of two eagle chicks at May 5th, 1996. In 2000, early June, there was one young eagle in the nest, and with him – still alive – a Buzzard, about ten days old. (W. Gleichner moved this bird in a buzzard nest.) June 2001: again the remains of a Buzzard besides two young eagles. On June 24th (2002) Buzzard feathers were found in the nest, where also in this year two eagles had hatched. So probably this eagle pair at Milkener Heide specialised in nest predation (see note above, W. Baumgart).
With regard to this, I would like to mention also the Black-breasted Buzzard or Black-breasted Kite (Hamirostra melanosternon), the third largest bird of prey in Australia. This species carries sometimes living prey in its nest, in the majority of cases chicks of the Australian Kestrel/Nankeen Kestrel (Falco cenchroides) und Brown Falcon (F. berigora). Occasionally these chicks are reared by Black-breasted Buzzard pairs with their own brood. (J. Cupper 1977, L. Cupper 1995).
Thanks for sharing observation results to Friedhard Förster (Förstgen), Ernst-Hartmann Gottschlich (Horka), Werner Klauke (Dauban) und Wilfried Spank (Boxberg); for encouraging discussions and for provide academic literature to Joachim Frölich (Grüna) and Dr. Wolfgang Baumgart (Berlin); for constructive comments concerning the preparation of the manuscript to Peter Hauff (Neu-Wandrum) and Stephan Ernst (Klingenthal).
* The local German broadcasting corporation MDR (Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk) sent at July 2nd 2002 in “Sachsenspiegel” a TV report about this case (original title: „Tierliebe zwischen Sachsens größtem heimischen Raubvogel und einem kleinen Verwandten“).
Source internet: NABU, Professional Group Ornithologie Niesky
http://www.ornithologie-niesky.de/Beric ... rds_i.html
Source print: Mitteilungen des Vereins Sächsischer Ornithologen, März 2003 - Band 9, Heft 2 ISSN 0942-7872
Contact: Jörg Kasper; Ernst-Mirle-Straße 1a; 02906 Klitten, Germany; E-mail: Joerg.Kasper@web.de
Thanks to Jörg Kasper for allowing the translation of his text to be published at The Haliaeetus albicilla Collection, Looduskalender
Translation by Anne
This assumption is shared by J. Frölich und W. Baumgart (personal message to S. Ernst), bird of prey experts which have been asked concerning this case. Baumgart wrote additional: “Such cases can almost be observed at single pairs, who specialised in nest predation.” W. Spank reported another case to me. He is aware of a White-tailed Eagle pair in Upper Lusatia (Eastern Germany), which used to bring young Buzzards in their nest in several years. In this nest, located at Milkeler Heide/Raudener Teiche, the carcass remains of a one week old Buzzard were found by the side of two eagle chicks at May 5th, 1996. In 2000, early June, there was one young eagle in the nest, and with him – still alive – a Buzzard, about ten days old. (W. Gleichner moved this bird in a buzzard nest.) June 2001: again the remains of a Buzzard besides two young eagles. On June 24th (2002) Buzzard feathers were found in the nest, where also in this year two eagles had hatched. So probably this eagle pair at Milkener Heide specialised in nest predation (see note above, W. Baumgart).
With regard to this, I would like to mention also the Black-breasted Buzzard or Black-breasted Kite (Hamirostra melanosternon), the third largest bird of prey in Australia. This species carries sometimes living prey in its nest, in the majority of cases chicks of the Australian Kestrel/Nankeen Kestrel (Falco cenchroides) und Brown Falcon (F. berigora). Occasionally these chicks are reared by Black-breasted Buzzard pairs with their own brood. (J. Cupper 1977, L. Cupper 1995).
Thanks for sharing observation results to Friedhard Förster (Förstgen), Ernst-Hartmann Gottschlich (Horka), Werner Klauke (Dauban) und Wilfried Spank (Boxberg); for encouraging discussions and for provide academic literature to Joachim Frölich (Grüna) and Dr. Wolfgang Baumgart (Berlin); for constructive comments concerning the preparation of the manuscript to Peter Hauff (Neu-Wandrum) and Stephan Ernst (Klingenthal).
* The local German broadcasting corporation MDR (Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk) sent at July 2nd 2002 in “Sachsenspiegel” a TV report about this case (original title: „Tierliebe zwischen Sachsens größtem heimischen Raubvogel und einem kleinen Verwandten“).
Source internet: NABU, Professional Group Ornithologie Niesky
http://www.ornithologie-niesky.de/Beric ... rds_i.html
Source print: Mitteilungen des Vereins Sächsischer Ornithologen, März 2003 - Band 9, Heft 2 ISSN 0942-7872
Contact: Jörg Kasper; Ernst-Mirle-Straße 1a; 02906 Klitten, Germany; E-mail: Joerg.Kasper@web.de
Thanks to Jörg Kasper for allowing the translation of his text to be published at The Haliaeetus albicilla Collection, Looduskalender
Translation by Anne