First Aid - Injured or Sick Raptors - Wildlife Crime

A White-tailed Eagle Database Project

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First Aid - Injured or Sick Raptors - Wildlife Crime

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First Aid - Injured or Sick Raptors - Wildlife Crime
Find information how to handle injured, orphaned or sick raptors. Some themes:

- Injured or sick raptors - what to do in emergency situations
- Poisoned wild animals and pets. How to handle such cases. Useful hints to investigate poisonings
- Carbofuran – key facts
- Crimes against birds - what can you do?
- First aid
- Orphaned raptors
- Raptor diseases
- How to prevent window kills and electrocution on powerlines
- Raptor caging/housing
- How to care for raptors
- Wildlife rehabilitation

Helpful "raptor addresses", sorted by countries:
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maertha
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Post by maertha »

INDEX

  • 1. What to do with an injured raptor/Emergency guideline online/Video: How to carry an exhausted or injured raptor

    2. Raptor fact sheet: What to do if you find a sick, injured or orphaned raptor
    Erste Hilfe bei Greifvögeln und Eulen (first aid for raptors and owls, in German language)

    3. Crimes against birds - what can you do?
    And: Poisoned wild animals and pets. How to handle such cases. Useful hints to investigate poisonings. Guideline for vets and officers (in German language)

    4. What can I do to help an injured raptor? Short overview

    5. Emergency first aid: emergency feeding, -medicines, -topicals, -tools, -dressings

    6. Caring for raptors. Species, identification, first aid and diagrams, feeding, housing, release, hacking

    7. First aid for birds. Emergency care, also oil contamination of feathers

    8. Antibiotic soaps are toxic to birds

    9. Procedures for rehabilitating and releasing oiled birds

    10. Minimum standards for wildlife rehabilitation

    11. Field Manual of Wildlife Disease - Full text of the original book -

    12. Birds of Prey: Health & Disease, third edition (no free access)

    13. Survival and Behavior of a one-footed Madagascar Fish-Eagle in the wild

    14. Birds & buildings – prevent window kill. Bird-friendly development guidelines

    15. Avian poxvirus infection in a white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Japan

    16. Pinching Off Syndrome In Free-ranging White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla) In Europe:
    Frequency And Geographic Distribution Of A Generalized Feather Abnormality

    17. Avian necropsy manual for biologists in remote refuges

    18. Newcastle disease virus and chlamydia psittaci in free-living raptors from Eastern Germany

    19. CAUTION: ELECTROCUTION! Suggested Practices for Bird Protection on Power Lines.
    The guideline is available in German, in Portuguese, in Spanish and in a Russian version

    20. Protecting birds on powerlines: a practical guide on the risks to birds from electricity transmission facilities and how to minimise any such adverse effects

    21. Protecting birds from powerlines (no free access)

    22. Raptor Electrocution/Collision Workshops

    23. Dangers in nature

    24. Carbofuran – key facts
    See also: FreeWings programme - bird crime (Czech Republic)

    25. More facts on carbofuran

    26. Carbofuran: Danish White-tailed Eagles found poisoned

    27. How to publicise illegal persecution of raptors

    28. Campaigns against raptor persecution, RSPB

    29. Aktuálně.cz - Karbofuran zabíjí! Carbofuran kills. Video, in Czech language

    30. White-tailed Eagle persecution in Austria
    Find numerous documented cases in a collection of Austrian newspaper articles for the years 2005-2011 (in German)

    31. World Wildlife Fund is offering 5000 Euro for information leading to the conviction of the person or persons responsible for poisoning four White-tailed Eagles in Northern Germany
    NABU report, January 2011 (in German)

    32. Illegal raptor persecution in Germany

    33. Ingestion of Lead from Spent Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans

    34. Carbofuran: White-tailed Eagle and other animals poisoned. Czech Republik, February 2011

    35. Illegal poisoning in Spain: three convicted. March 2011

    36. A new strategy against the poisoning of large carnivores and scavenger raptors: anti-poison dog units (Il progetto LIFE Antidoto)

    37. Bird of prey poisoning, Scotland. Published 3-2011

    38. Pesticide Poisoning of Animals in 2010, Scotland. Investigations of suspected incidents. Published 8-2011

    39. Partnership Against Wildlife Crime Scotland (PAWS). Information: What you can do

    40. RSPB encourages Halton kids to become nature detectives, September 2011

    41. Scotland's birds of prey 'face decline' over poisoning, September 2011

    42. Book tip: Wildlife Crime. The Making of an Investigations Officer. UK, February 2012

    43. White-tailed Eagle which had lost half of its beak found dead near Hohennauen at the lower Havel alluvial plain, Germany. February 2012

    44. Carbofuran: Two young White-tailed Eagles poisoned near Gänserndorf, Austria. March 2012

    45. Three White-tailed Eagles found dead in their nest at Lolland-Falster. Denmark, March 2012

    46. Operation Easter – against egg-thieves. Scotland, April 2012

    47. White-tailed Eagles and other birds poisoned near Lübeck, Northern Germany, April 2012

    48. Condemnation for killing of white-tailed eagles in Mayo. Ireland, May 2012

    49. Double blow for the future of white-tailed sea eagles. Ireland, May 2012

    50. Carbofuran: White-tailed Eagle poisoned in Austria, August 2012

    51. Carbofuran: Adult and juvenile White-tailed Eagle poisoned. Langeland/Denmark, July 2012

    52. Carbofuran: A farm manager from Argyll has been fined £1,200 for possessing a banned highly-toxic pesticide. UK, September 2012

    53. Altai Logging Destroys Eagle Nesting Grounds. Russia, Summer 2012

    54. Investigating the killing of the white-tailed eagle Nimeta: what happens? Estonia, November 2012

    55. Another White-tailed Eagle found poisoned - third known incident in the area. Poland, January 2013

    56. Protected white-tailed sea eagles found dead. Ireland, February 2012

    57. Poisoned Eagle? Hungary/Serbia, March 2013

    58. White-tailed Eagle found dead near Dačice. Czech Republic, March 2013

    59. Egg thieves took thousands of eggs from nests. Sweden/Scandinavia, March 2013

    60. Satellite fitted Imperial Eagle poisoned. Hungary, March 2013

    61. Pets killed by the bird poisoners. UK, March 2013

    62. Operation Easter will protect eggs and chicks of birds of prey from illegal traders. UK, March 2013

    63. Poisoning of birds and mammals is a global problem. Denmark, February 2013

    64. Another poisoning case. Mikulčice (Hodonín district), Czech Republic. March 2013

    65. Carbofuran and Wildlife Poisoning: Global Perspectives and Forensic Approaches (Book, 2011/2012)

    66. Easter hunt targets egg poachers. UK, April 2013

    67. Three White-tailed Eagles poisoned in Balaton Uplands National Park. Hungary, April 2013

    68.“Wonky wing” bird returns to Mull. UK, April 2013

    69.White-tailed eagle poisoned. Slovakia, May 2013

    70.Police inquiry over white-tailed eagle nest claim. UK/Scotland, June 2013

    71.Carbofuran - A New and Effective Method of Illegal Killing of Otters (Lutra lutra) in the Czech Republic

    72.Poisoned bait found in Tureby Hestehave. Denmark, April 2013

    73. 30.000 Danish kroner reward for information about carbofuran-laced baits. Denmark, August

    74.White-tailed Eagle's broken beak fixed. Finland, September 2013

    75.New poisoning treatment: White-tailed Eagle on snowshoes. Netherlands, October 2013

    76.Wildlife Crime in Scotland. 2012 Annual Report. UK/Scotland, September 2013

    77.RSPB reports: The Illegal Killing of Birds of Prey in Scotland 2006-2012

    78.UK National Wildlife Crime Unit online

    79.PAW Forensics Working Group website/TRACEWildlife Forensics Network

    80.Wildlife Crime: A guide to the use of forensic and specialist techniques in the investigation of wildlife crime

    81.Monitoring West Nile virus (WNV) infection in wild birds in Serbia during 2012: first isolation and characterisation of WNV strains from Serbia. October 2013

    82.White-tailed Eagle recovers. Finland, November 2013

    83.Poachers killed White-tailed Eagle in Bulgaria. January 2014

    84.UK investigation leads to conviction of three Swedish egg collectors. January 2014

    85.Another case of a White-tailed Eagle poisoning with carbofuran in the Czech Republic confirmed. February 2014

    86.White-tailed Eagle egg thief goes to prison. Norway, January 2014

    87.Four men accused of illegal bird trading. Belgium, February 2014

    88.Hunting hypocrisy? Princes accused over wildlife initiative. UK, February 2014

    89.White-tailed Eagle found dead near Hoštice u Volyně in January was poisoned. Czech Republic, February 2014

    90.At least 16 animals killed in mass poisoning. Serbia, February 2014

    91.Transmitter-fitted White-tailed Eagle killed by lead poisoning. Germany, February 2014

    92.Outstanding gift idea. Poland, February 2014

    93.Again poison alert in Lower Austria. February 2014

    94.One of the first two Irish-bred eagles has been shot only seven months after leaving the nest. March 2014

    95.Shot White-tailed Eagle in Ireland - two comments. March 2014

    96.Recovering shotgun victim returns to the skies. Finland, March 2014

    97.White-tailed Eagle found dead in Southern Bohemia. Czech Republic, March 2014

    98.Mass killing of White-tailed Eagles. Serbia, April 2014

    99.Operation Easter targets egg thieves. UK, April 2014

    100.Police search after tagged sea eagle disappears. UK/Scotland

    101.Carbofuran and wildlife poisoning in Serbia. May 2014

    102.White-tailed Eagle Luca learnes to live with a prosthetic leg. Hungary, May 2014

    103.Another carbofuran victim. Ireland, April/May 2014

    104.New confirmed Carbofuran poisoning in Bohemia: Eagle pair and two young birds found dead on/near a nest near Vyhnanice (Tábor district). Czech Republic, May 2014

    105.Eagle dies after being shot. Austria, June 2014

    106.Who killed the White-tailed Eagle? Northern Germany, September 2013/July 2014

    108.Cormorant crucified at Lake Chiemsee. Germany, August 2014

    109.Wildlife crime threatens tourism, says Cairngorm boss. UK, October 2014

    110.Wildlife Crime in Scotland 2013 Annual Report. UK, October 2014

    111.White-tailed Eagle or Golden Eagle found dead in Kautokeino. Norway, October 2014

    112.More than 1000 Birds of prey illegally killed in Germany. November 2014

    113.Northern Ireland: 24 incidents of wild bird crime reported in 2013. November 2014

    114.Women kills eagle with shoe. Norway, November 2014

    115.Hunter accused of poaching, animal cruelty. Sweden, November 2014

    116.Zero Prevalence of Influenza A Virus in Two Raptor Species by Standard Screening

    117.An investigation into the detection of latent marks on the feathers and eggs of birds of prey. UK, January 2015

    118.Bird-to-bird blood transfusion saved sea eagle’s life. Estonia, January 2015
    • See also: Lead poisoning of wild raptors. Veterinary treatment and activities for prevention/Blood transfusion to a White-tailed Eagle, January 2014


    119.Police searching for stuffed eagle´s owner. Sweden, February 2015

    120.Hunter acquitted of animal cruelty. Sweden, February 2015

    121.New nest destroyed near Barsbek, Schleswig-Holstein. Germany, January 2015

    122.Another eagle pair homeless as tree cut down. Germany, February 2015

    123.White-tailed Eagle dies of carbofuran poisoning. Czech Republic, February 2015

    124.White-tailed Eagle Ingar found dead in Femanagh, Ireland. February 2015

    125.Poisoned White-tailed Eagle found dead in nest in Connemara. Ireland, April 2015

    126.Crimes against nesting eagles in northern Germany. May 2015

    127.Poisoned eagles found near Duna-Dráva National Park. Hungary, May 2015

    128.White-tailed Eagle shot and mutilated near the island of Møn. Denmark, 2015

    129.Carbofuran and wildlife poisoning in the Czech Republic. May 2015

    130.Ornithologist Hans Wirth examines bird of prey deaths. Germany, May 2015

    131.White-tailed Eagle illegally poisoned in northern Germany. June 2015

    132.Eagle family found dead from suspected poisoning in Dithmarschen. Northern Germany, June 2015

    133. 34 birds of prey killed in 2014. Ireland, August 2015

    134.Recording and Addressing Persecution and Threats to Our Raptors. Ireland, August 2015

    135.Bird of Prey Persecution and Poisoning Report Northern Ireland 2009 – 2013. November 2015

    136.Nest illegaly destroyed. Northern Germany, December 2015

    137.RSPB Scotland launches 20 year report on illegal killing of birds of prey. December 2015

    138.Young eagle dies of zinc poisoning. Germany, December 2015

    139.Unique Experiment: New cure for lead poisoning? Finland, February 2016

    140.Pesticides poisoning birds in the Balkans. February 2016

    141.White-tailed Eagle found shot, dead in nest near Cuxhaven. Germany, February 2016

    142.Confirmed: Two eagles poisoned. Czech Republic, March 2016

    143.Teenagers attack nesting eagles. Germany, April 2016

    144.Eagle shot and killed. Czech Republic, April 2016

    145.“Camera eagle” died from carbofuran poisoning. Hungary, June 2016

    146.Carbofuran: Eagle chicks died in the nest. Czech Republic, June 2016

    147.Six White-tailed Eagles poisoned by carbofuran on the islands of Funen and Langeland. Denmark, July 2016

    148.Eagle won't survive unless a miracle happens. Poland, July 2016

    149.Carbofuran: List of killed raptors and other birds and animals. Hungary, July 2016

    150.Confirmed: White-tailed Eagle died from carbofuran poisoning. Germany, August 2016

    151.Investigation launched after another eagle vanishes near Inverness. UK/Scotland, August 2016

    152.Danish eagle died from carbofuran poisoning. September 2016

    153.Confirmed: Avian flu virus found in White-tailed Eagle. Germany, November 2016

    154.Fifth annual report on threats to birds of prey published. Ireland, November 2016

    155.Bird of Prey Persecution and Poisoning Report Northern Ireland. November 2016

    156.Another eagle poisoned. Hungary, November 2016

    157.Sad record: 15 White-tailed Eagles may have been poisoned this year in Poland

    158.Wildlife poisoning - A picture paints a thousand words. Hungary, December 2016

    159.Third case of avian Influenza H5N8 in White-tailed Eagles confirmed. Germany, December 2016

    160.Bird flu confirmed in a White-tailed Eagle in Sweden. December 2016

    161.Finland is investigating three suspected cases of highly pathogenic avian flu. December 2016

    162.Avian Influenza H5N8 in White-tailed Eagles 2016/2017

    163.Police searching for eagle killer. Netherlands, December 2016

    164.Three White-tailed Eagles die of suspected poisoning. Hungary, December 2016

    165.Reward for information on killed eagle. Netherlands, December 2016

    166.Necropsy of two White-tailed Eagles found dead near Rozvadov underway. Czech Republic, December 2016

    167.Local hunter charged in White-tailed Eagle killing case. Germany, December 2016

    168.Vets replace broken wing feathers. Finland, January 2017

    169.Carbofuran: Poisoning of two eagles and a fox confirmed. Czech Republic, February 2017

    170.Wing amputation. Poland, April 2017

    171.Record number of raptor poisonings. Czech Republic, May 2017

    172.White-tailed Eagle shot dead in the nest: Case against hunter dropped. Germany, May 2017

    173.Analyses of the fates of satellite tracked golden eagles in Scotland. May 2017

    174.Wildlife crime and wind farms. Germany, June 2017

    175.MRI scan for White-tailed Eagle. Sweden, September 2017

    176.Wildlife crime report. Czech Republic, September 2017

    177.Carbofuran poisoning confirmed. Denmark, October 2017

    178.DOF List: Confirmed cases of bird of prey poisoning in Denmark 2008-2017

    179.Map: Causes of bird deaths. Czech Republic

    180.BirdLife presents 'The Killing 2.0'. October 2017

    181.Poisoning victim still alive. Netherlands, November 2017

    182.Raptor report for 2016 published. Ireland, November 2017

    183.Broken feathers a serious problem for birds this year. Estonia, November 2017

    184.Hunter fatally shoots White-tailed Eagle. Norway, November 2017

    185.Eagle dies from lead poisoning. Estonia, December 2017

    186.How to report bird crime in Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria and Serbia

    187.White-tailed Eagle found dead after being shot. Poland, January 2018

    188.Eagle dies in power-line collision. Norway, January 2018

    189.Fox and White-tailed Eagle died from carbofuran. Czech Republic, January 2018

    190.Suspected poisoning: Third White-tailed Eagle found dead in the same area this year. Poland, February 2018

    191.Carbofuran: Three poisoning cases confirmed, another eagle found dead. Poland, March 2018

    192.Another suspected case of wildlife crime. Poland, March 2018

    193.Carbofuran poisoning case in Denmark. March 2018

    194.Fifth eagle within three month found dead. Poland, March 2018

    195.Birds of prey found dead in southwestern Slovakia. March 2018

    196.Suspected carbofuran poisoning. Czech Republic, March 2018
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Post by maertha »

1.What to do with an injured raptor?
http://rrr-raptors.tripod.com/aid.htm

Emergency guideline online
http://www.wildlifeinternational.org/EN ... meset.html

See: How to carry an exhausted or injured raptor

[youtube]W_HRkFkZfBw&feature=related[/youtube]
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2.Raptor Fact Sheet: What to do if you find a sick, injured or orphaned raptor

“When you drop a bird off at a vet, it is critical that you make sure you tell the staff exactly where you found the bird and under what circumstances. This is important for assessment and eventual release. Raptors tend to be territorial and on release, they must be returned to their home territory to maximise their chances of survival. If possible, leave your name and contact phone number (...).“
http://www.raptor.org.au/factsheethelp.pdf


Erste Hilfe bei Greifvögeln und Eulen (First Aid for raptors and owls)
In German language

:chick: Pictures, illustration.

Abb.1: Fixierung eines Mäusebussards. How to hold smaller raptors (in the picture: common buzzard) safely.
Abb.2: Transportkarton für Turmfalken, Sperber, Eulen. Transport carton for kestrels, sparrowhawks and owls.
http://www.aquila-ev.de/bilder/erste-hi ... -hilfe.pdf

See also (in German): Merkblatt zum Artenschutz. Umgang mit verletzten Tieren wild lebender Arten
Grundsatz: Verletzte, hilflose oder kranke Tiere dürfen nach § 45 Abs. 5 BNatSchG vorbehaltlich jagdrechtlicher Vorschriften von jedermann der Natur entnommen werden, um sie gesund zu pflegen und unverzüglich wieder in die Freiheit zu entlassen. http://www.landkreis-mittelsachsen.de/d ... iere10.pdf
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3.Crimes against birds - what can you do?
Do and don´t

:chick: Pictures

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Envir ... inst-birds


Poisoned wild animals and pets. How to handle such cases. Useful hints to investigate poisonings. Guideline for vets and officers
Sea Eagles mentioned.

:chick: Pictures

Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. Austria, 2009
Guideline (only in German available at the moment): http://www.wwf.at/downloads/cms_uploade ... n_2009.pdf
Expert: Dr. Theodora Steineck
Research institute: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology

Contact details:
Dr. Theodora Steineck
Forschungsinstitut für Wildtierkunde und Ökologie der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien
Savoyenstraße 1
1160 Wien
AUSTRIA

Dr. Theodora Steineck: 01 / 4890915 – 160
Fax: 01 / 4890915 – 520
e-mail: theodora.steineck@vu-wien.ac.at
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Post by maertha »

4.What can I do to help an injured raptor?
Short overview
Raptor Center, University of Minnesota
http://www.cvm.umn.edu/raptor/learn/inf ... /home.html


What should you do if you find an injured wild bird? UK
Short overview
http://www.icbp.org/injured/finding.html
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5.Emergency First Aid

Contents: Emergency Feeding/Emergency First Aid/Medicines/Topicals/Tools/Dressings

http://www.themodernapprentice.com/firstaid.htm
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6.Caring for Raptors

Sharon Blair, First Edition October 1993 Revised July 2000

Bird Care & Conservation Society, Copyright © 2000 Sharon Blair

Contents: Introduction/Species/Identification/First Aid and Diagrams/Feeding/Housing/Release/Hacking/Additional Information

http://www.birdcare.asn.au/pdf/raptors.pdf
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Post by maertha »

7.First aid for birds

Emergency Care, also Oil Contamination of Feathers

http://www.avianweb.com/firstaid.html
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8.Antibiotic soaps are toxic to birds

http://www.avianweb.com/antibacterialsoap.html
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9.Procedures for rehabilitating and releasing oiled birds

http://www.ibrrc.org/oiled_bird_procedures.html
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10.Minimum standards for wildlife rehabilitation

Page 45: Housing for raptors

Miller, E.A., editor. 2000. Minimum Standards for Wildlife Rehabilitation, 3rd edition. National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association, St. Cloud, MN. 77 pages.
http://theiwrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/MSWR.pdf

IWRC International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council
http://theiwrc.org/resources/guidelines ... ilitation/
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11.Field Manual of Wildlife Disease — General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds

- Full text of the original book -

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/f ... /index.jsp
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12.Birds of Prey: Health & Disease (Third Edition)

Published Online: 17 Dec 2007, Editor(s): John E. Cooper, Print ISBN: 9780632051151, Online ISBN: 9780470752319 Copyright © 2002 by Blackwell Science Ltd

"Raptor biology has evolved enormously since the publication of the original edition of this book under the title Veterinary Aspects of Captive Birds of Prey. With the help of leading international experts, John E. Cooper has updated and expanded this classic reference to include all the latest data on the health and diseases of raptors. While still serving the needs of veterinary surgeons who treat birds of prey, Birds of Prey: Health & Disease also appeals to a wide readership of falconers, avian researchers, breeders, rehabilitators and zoo staff.

Important changes to this new edition are the inclusion of data on free-living birds, additional material on fractures, pathology, legislation and poisons, and new sections on neonatology, health monitoring, captive-breeding and host-parasite relations."

Table of contents: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi- ... /117862936
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13.Survival and Behavior of a one-footed Madagascar Fish-Eagle in the wild

Ruth E. Tingay and Michéle L. Clarke, Richard T. Watson and Russell Thorstrom, Loukman Kalavah, 2004

“Avian anatomical constraints (…) and species-specific foraging strategies (…) suggest that one-footed raptors have a diminished capacity for long-term survival in the wild. Here, we report the 7-yr survival, in the wild, of a one-footed adult male Madagascar Fish-Eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) and document his behavior and social status within a polyandrous breeding trio.”

KW: Amputation, longevity

http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/resea ... footed.pdf
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14.Birds & buildings – prevent window kill
Fatal light awareness programm FLAP

:chick: Contains pictures.

http://www.flap.org/flap_home.htm


Bird-friendly development guidelines
Design-based Development Strategies for Bird-Friendly Buildings

City of Toronto, Green Development Standard, March 2007

:chick: Contains pictures.

http://www.toronto.ca/lightsout/pdf/dev ... elines.pdf
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15.Avian poxvirus infection in a white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Japan

“To our knowledge this is the first report of avian poxvirus infection in white-tailed sea eagles.”

Published in: Avian Pathology, Vol. 38, Issue 6, December 2009, pages 485-489

Abstract: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/conten ... a917119822
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16.Pinching Off Syndrome In Free-ranging White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla) In Europe: Frequency And Geographic Distribution Of A Generalized Feather Abnormality

“Generalized feather abnormalities are rarely documented in free-living birds. Pinching off syndrome (POS) is a feather abnormality in which all remiges and retrices become malformed and are lost during the nestling stage, rendering the bird unable to fly.”

Abstract:http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/1 ... 2.0.CO%3B2
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17.Avian necropsy manual for biologists in remote refuges

:chick: Contains pictures.

http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/n ... nglish.pdf
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18.NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AND CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI IN FREE-LIVING RAPTORS FROM EASTERN GERMANY

Elvira Schettler, Jörns Fickel, Helmut Hotzel, Konrad Sachse, Wolf Juürgen Streich, Ulrich Wittstatt and Kai Frölich

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 39(1), 2003, pp. 57–63
Copyright: Wildlife Disease Association 2003

KW: Chlamydia psittaci, Germany, Newcastle disease virus, polymerase chain reaction,

http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/39/1/57.pdf
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