Following Karls' Families
- Michi
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- Location: Berlin, Germany
Re: Following Karls' Families
Hello everyone,
There’s a very interesting and nice article from the SPNL about Vedru’s stopover in Lebanon.
SPNL is an environmental NGO in Lebanon. It is also the national partner for BirdLife International in Lebanon.
Here’s the complete article:
"What Climate Changes Means For Migratory Birds?
The story of a Black stork in West Bekaa Ammiq
On 11 November 2020 SPNL got an Email from Eagle Club Estonia about a Black stork named Vedru that’s fitted with a transmitter
Vedru was born and tagged in Estonia, and entered Lebanon on 7 November 2020 and stayed in the area between Ammiq and Mansoura in West Bekaa.
This behavior was strange since it did not continue southwards on its usual migration route to Africa, and its trackers were afraid because of Lebanon’s reputation as a black spot for migratory birds.
Next day a field officer from SPNL was deployed to the area to check why Vedru was staying there and not continuing its migration.
After some detailed field investigation our field officer came to the conclusion that due to the abundance of fish (mostly Common carp) trapped in the low water pools, many wading birds are taking advantage of this bounty and staying around the area, including a flock of juvenile Black storks (Ciconia nigra).
Due to climate change among other factors, Black storks in Estonia are facing serious problems, for example: the past three years were very dry which led to a shortage of food and the consequent starvation of chicks in the nest.
This emphasises the importance of Ammiq wetland as a stopover site and resting place for waterbirds on their migration route.
Vedru left Lebanon on 17/11/2020 to continue its great migration south. We can only estimate that Vedru gained weight on its ten days of eating Lebanese Cuisine."
This picture of Vedru's ringing was added:
Picture by Urmas Sellis
Source:
https://www.spnl.org/what-climate-chang ... kaa-ammiq/
There are many pictures from wading birds on that website, for example this one:
Copyright: SPNL
Unfortunately Vedru is not to recognize in the pictures, at least I couldn’t see rings or a transmitter. But I’m sure, one of the shown Black Storks is our little Vedru.
Regarding the pictures it looks as if he has had a very good time there. And he was not alone but in good company!
There’s a very interesting and nice article from the SPNL about Vedru’s stopover in Lebanon.
SPNL is an environmental NGO in Lebanon. It is also the national partner for BirdLife International in Lebanon.
Here’s the complete article:
"What Climate Changes Means For Migratory Birds?
The story of a Black stork in West Bekaa Ammiq
On 11 November 2020 SPNL got an Email from Eagle Club Estonia about a Black stork named Vedru that’s fitted with a transmitter
Vedru was born and tagged in Estonia, and entered Lebanon on 7 November 2020 and stayed in the area between Ammiq and Mansoura in West Bekaa.
This behavior was strange since it did not continue southwards on its usual migration route to Africa, and its trackers were afraid because of Lebanon’s reputation as a black spot for migratory birds.
Next day a field officer from SPNL was deployed to the area to check why Vedru was staying there and not continuing its migration.
After some detailed field investigation our field officer came to the conclusion that due to the abundance of fish (mostly Common carp) trapped in the low water pools, many wading birds are taking advantage of this bounty and staying around the area, including a flock of juvenile Black storks (Ciconia nigra).
Due to climate change among other factors, Black storks in Estonia are facing serious problems, for example: the past three years were very dry which led to a shortage of food and the consequent starvation of chicks in the nest.
This emphasises the importance of Ammiq wetland as a stopover site and resting place for waterbirds on their migration route.
Vedru left Lebanon on 17/11/2020 to continue its great migration south. We can only estimate that Vedru gained weight on its ten days of eating Lebanese Cuisine."
This picture of Vedru's ringing was added:
Picture by Urmas Sellis
Source:
https://www.spnl.org/what-climate-chang ... kaa-ammiq/
There are many pictures from wading birds on that website, for example this one:
Copyright: SPNL
Unfortunately Vedru is not to recognize in the pictures, at least I couldn’t see rings or a transmitter. But I’m sure, one of the shown Black Storks is our little Vedru.
Regarding the pictures it looks as if he has had a very good time there. And he was not alone but in good company!
- sova
- Registered user
- Posts: 29232
- Joined: October 14th, 2015, 7:11 pm
Good day
Michi
We now know more and we see beautiful pictures and we know that there are (people ) in this area who take care of the bird and yet we will worry again.
Heloise
Michi
I had to laugh at these sentencesMichi wrote: ↑November 25th, 2020, 12:48 pm ...
This behavior was strange since it did not continue southwards on its usual migration route to Africa, and its trackers were afraid because of Lebanon’s reputation as a black spot for migratory birds.
...
Vedru left Lebanon on 17/11/2020 to continue its great migration south. We can only estimate that Vedru gained weight on its ten days of eating Lebanese Cuisine."
...
We now know more and we see beautiful pictures and we know that there are (people ) in this area who take care of the bird and yet we will worry again.
Heloise
- Michi
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- Joined: May 4th, 2013, 3:30 pm
- Location: Berlin, Germany
Sova , yes, I had to smile, too. It is a wonderful article, isn't it? It's so nice to see all the pictures with the Black Storks and the other birds in this wetland in Lebanon.
Now we know that we were not the only "trackers" who were worried about Vedru. :)
I agree with you that it is very good to know that there are people who care for birds. I'm very grateful, that they looked for Vedru.
Now we know that we were not the only "trackers" who were worried about Vedru. :)
I agree with you that it is very good to know that there are people who care for birds. I'm very grateful, that they looked for Vedru.
- Majarina
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- Location: Germany
Hello Michi and Sova
Thank you for your Infos
Thank you for your Infos
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
Hello, everyone
Sova, Michi, Heloise, Majarina
Michi, many thanks for posting this lovely article!
What beautiful pictures! It is really a pleasure to know that little Vedru had a nice gastronomic holiday in Lebanon. He surely enjoyed the company of all those other juvenile black storks and various species of egrets and herons while dining!
Thank you very much, SPNL and Kotkaklubi!
Here are a few more photos from the article.
© SPNL
© SPNL
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
.
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November25
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:38:24 (UTC+2), the battery level was 64%
This (nearly rectangular ) route is 5.24 km long.
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November25
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:38:24 (UTC+2), the battery level was 64%
This (nearly rectangular ) route is 5.24 km long.
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- sova
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- Posts: 29232
- Joined: October 14th, 2015, 7:11 pm
Good evening
Anne, thank you ... weather data is available
Nice evening for all
Anne, thank you ... weather data is available
Nice evening for all
- Anne7
- Registered user
- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
Thank you, Sova
SUMMARY November 25
KARULA (Hatched 20.05.2018)
• Birdmap was set to spring migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.02.2019.
The overall flown distance until 14.02.2019 was 6606 km.
• Birdmap was set to autumn migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.07.2019.
Between 14.02.2019 and 14.07.2019, Karula flew 3012 km.
The overall flown distance until 14.07.2019 was 9618 km.
• Birdmap was set to spring migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.02.2020.
Between 15.07.2019 and 14.02.2020, Karula flew 2792 km.
The overall flown distance until 14.02.2020 was 12410 km.
• Birdmap was set to autumn migration and a new distance measurement started on 19.07.2020.
Between 14.02.2020 and 18.07.2020, Karula flew 11675 km.
The overall flown distance until 18.07.2020 was 24085 km.
Last birdmap data: 21.11.2020
Distance 4994 km (+59 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley)
Weather report on 25.11 in Tall al Manţaḩ at 10:00
Temp 2 m above the ground: 21°
Temp 500 m above the ground: 18°
Precipitation:
19:00 – 0.6 mm
22:00 – 1.0 mm
Cloud cover: 60% - 90%
Humidity: 40%
Air pressure: 1009 hPa
Wind 10 m – SW (07 km/h)
Wind 100 m – SW (05 km/h)
Wind 250 m – SW (05 km/h)
Wind 500 m – W/SW (05 km/h)
Weather report on 25.11 in Tall al Manţaḩ at 16:00
Temp 2 m above the ground: 20°
Temp 500 m above the ground: 17°
Humidity: 50%
Air pressure: 1008 hPa
Wind 10 m – W/SW (06 km/h)
Wind 100 m – W/SW (04 km/h)
Wind 250 m – W/SW (07 km/h)
Wind 500 m – W/SW (12 km/h)
KARL II
Last birdmap data: 23.10.2020
Distance: 7111 km (+1169 km in 4 days), in the desert of North Kordofan in Sudan.
Sleep well, everyone.
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
November 26th
Hello everyone
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November26
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:38:34 (UTC+2), the battery level was 56%. The level drops again.
Our Karula is still in the same area.
This route is 11.6 km long.
Hello everyone
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November26
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:38:34 (UTC+2), the battery level was 56%. The level drops again.
Our Karula is still in the same area.
This route is 11.6 km long.
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- sova
- Registered user
- Posts: 29232
- Joined: October 14th, 2015, 7:11 pm
Good evening
Anne, thank you very much
Weather data is available. Karula had a shower and then he was blown dry.
nice evening for all
Anne, thank you very much
Weather data is available. Karula had a shower and then he was blown dry.
nice evening for all
- Anne7
- Registered user
- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
Thank you, Sova !
Karula had a rainy day.
SUMMARY November 26
KARULA (Hatched 20.05.2018)
• Birdmap was set to spring migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.02.2019.
The overall flown distance until 14.02.2019 was 6606 km.
• Birdmap was set to autumn migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.07.2019.
Between 14.02.2019 and 14.07.2019, Karula flew 3012 km.
The overall flown distance until 14.07.2019 was 9618 km.
• Birdmap was set to spring migration and a new distance measurement started on 15.02.2020.
Between 15.07.2019 and 14.02.2020, Karula flew 2792 km.
The overall flown distance until 14.02.2020 was 12410 km.
• Birdmap was set to autumn migration and a new distance measurement started on 19.07.2020.
Between 14.02.2020 and 18.07.2020, Karula flew 11675 km.
The overall flown distance until 18.07.2020 was 24085 km.
Last birdmap data: 26.11.2020
Distance 5026 km (+ 32 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley) in Jordan
Weather report on 26.11 in Tall al Manţaḩ at 10:00
Temp 2 m above the ground: 17°
Temp 500 m above the ground: 13°
Precipitation:
01:00 – 2.0 mm
04:00 – 0.6 mm
07:00 – 0.7 mm
10:00 – 0.4 mm
13:00 – 0.1 mm
19:00 – 0.2 mm
Cloud cover: 80% - 40%
Humidity: 60%
Air pressure: 1012 hPa
Wind 10 m – W/SW (24 km/h)
Wind 100 m – W/SW (30 km/h)
Wind 250 m – W/SW (28 km/h)
Wind 500 m – W/SW (20 km/h)
Weather report on 26.11 in Tall al Manţaḩ at 16:00
Temp 2 m above the ground: 17°
Temp 500 m above the ground: 15°
Humidity: 70%
Air pressure: 1013 hPa
Wind 10 m – NW (08km/h)
Wind 100 m – NW (11 km/h)
Wind 250 m – NW (11 km/h)
Wind 500 m – NW (09 km/h)
KARL II
Last birdmap data: 23.10.2020
Distance: 7111 km (+1169 km in 4 days), in the desert of North Kordofan in Sudan.
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
There are new pictures of VEDRU on birdmap!
Thank you very much, Urmas!
"Juvenile Black Stork we caught fully fledged, but no information if Vedru is hatched 2020 in Saaremaa island or flew there. No rings weared before trapping. Verdu started to visit trap with fish we installed to catch adult stork still feeding but rarely very late chicks in known nest. After we caught adult, Vedru returned to the trap after about two hours and we used easy option to track also this juvenile. Juvenile stork Vedru did not learn much of trapping as returned for fishing in trap in three hours aftertagging again. This might be explained with shortage of food in streams or/and inexperiece of juvenile bird. Vedru started to migrate in 30th of August, crossed sea and stopped for first night of migration on Ruhnu island, to fly ahead next day to Latvian mainland. Ruhnu is not common place to cross, but sometimes it happened for juveniles. Vedru stopped in several places during migration (Poland, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon). By 17th of November reached Jordan valley, Israel. Will see if that is a wintering site? Several Black Storks from Estonia have wintered there in past."
Auda and Vedru
Just minute before trapping of adult Auda. Here standing nearby juvenile Vedru was fishing in trap before, but priority was to trap the adult 21.08.2020
Little Vedru
But Vedru visited the trap during a week after trapping. A day before migration still hoping for food in trap 29.08.2020
Thank you very much, Urmas!
"Juvenile Black Stork we caught fully fledged, but no information if Vedru is hatched 2020 in Saaremaa island or flew there. No rings weared before trapping. Verdu started to visit trap with fish we installed to catch adult stork still feeding but rarely very late chicks in known nest. After we caught adult, Vedru returned to the trap after about two hours and we used easy option to track also this juvenile. Juvenile stork Vedru did not learn much of trapping as returned for fishing in trap in three hours aftertagging again. This might be explained with shortage of food in streams or/and inexperiece of juvenile bird. Vedru started to migrate in 30th of August, crossed sea and stopped for first night of migration on Ruhnu island, to fly ahead next day to Latvian mainland. Ruhnu is not common place to cross, but sometimes it happened for juveniles. Vedru stopped in several places during migration (Poland, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon). By 17th of November reached Jordan valley, Israel. Will see if that is a wintering site? Several Black Storks from Estonia have wintered there in past."
Auda and Vedru
Just minute before trapping of adult Auda. Here standing nearby juvenile Vedru was fishing in trap before, but priority was to trap the adult 21.08.2020
Little Vedru
But Vedru visited the trap during a week after trapping. A day before migration still hoping for food in trap 29.08.2020
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Anne7
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- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
And this is AUDA.
"Adult Black Stork who breeds in Saaremaa island, Estonia. Started autumn migration in 1st of September 2020, though had late chicks in nest. Last data we have from 5 October, hopefully Auda is out of GSM network. Clarification can be in spring."
These pictures are very cute.
Auda, Ruudi, Rein and Riste 21.08.2020
Safe place is needed to release the tagged stork, for example no power lines nearby 21.08.2020
Auda did not wait if was free 21.08.2020
"Adult Black Stork who breeds in Saaremaa island, Estonia. Started autumn migration in 1st of September 2020, though had late chicks in nest. Last data we have from 5 October, hopefully Auda is out of GSM network. Clarification can be in spring."
These pictures are very cute.
Auda, Ruudi, Rein and Riste 21.08.2020
Safe place is needed to release the tagged stork, for example no power lines nearby 21.08.2020
Auda did not wait if was free 21.08.2020
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
And this is poor little AUDAPOEG with its 'big brother' on the nest
“Very late chick in Saaremaa, Estonia. Its father, Auda we can follow is by this time already in Chad in the middle of Africa. Audapoeg wears white ring with code 715J. Auda went to migration if there were quite small chicks in the nest. They might be starved if Rein did not feed them in nest regularly with fish. In 28th september Audapoeg started its journey to south to follow bigger brother which left in 11th of September.
Already in 7 Oct Audapoeg was predated most probably by White-tailed Eagle.”
Nest of Auda, 22 Aug 2020
“Very late chick in Saaremaa, Estonia. Its father, Auda we can follow is by this time already in Chad in the middle of Africa. Audapoeg wears white ring with code 715J. Auda went to migration if there were quite small chicks in the nest. They might be starved if Rein did not feed them in nest regularly with fish. In 28th september Audapoeg started its journey to south to follow bigger brother which left in 11th of September.
Already in 7 Oct Audapoeg was predated most probably by White-tailed Eagle.”
Nest of Auda, 22 Aug 2020
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- Michi
- Registered user
- Posts: 3877
- Joined: May 4th, 2013, 3:30 pm
- Location: Berlin, Germany
Good evening everyone,
Hello Anne, Sova
I hadn't realised that the adult stork caught before Vedru, was our Auda.
Now we can see both together in one picture. What a present!
Beautiful pictures of Auda with Rein and his children (I guess)!
The pictures of poor little Audapoeg I had seen already. It's so tragic. 10 days after the start of his first migration, he fell victim to an eagle.
Thank you very much, Anne, for posting all these pictures!
Thanks a lot, Urmas and Rein, for the pictures and your care for the Black Storks!
Hello Anne, Sova
Wonderful pictures! How interesting!Anne7 wrote: ↑November 26th, 2020, 7:12 pm There are new pictures of VEDRU on birdmap! : headroll:
...
https://up.picr.de/39948466rl.jpg
https://up.picr.de/39948465rb.jpg
I hadn't realised that the adult stork caught before Vedru, was our Auda.
Now we can see both together in one picture. What a present!
Beautiful pictures of Auda with Rein and his children (I guess)!
The pictures of poor little Audapoeg I had seen already. It's so tragic. 10 days after the start of his first migration, he fell victim to an eagle.
Thank you very much, Anne, for posting all these pictures!
Thanks a lot, Urmas and Rein, for the pictures and your care for the Black Storks!
- Michi
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- Posts: 3877
- Joined: May 4th, 2013, 3:30 pm
- Location: Berlin, Germany
Birdmap update VEDRU
Previous data: 24.11.2020, distance 5256 km (+ 17 km in 3 days), same area, near Kfar Ruppin, Israel.
NEW data: 26.11.2020, distance 5269 km (+ 13 km in 2 days), same area near Kfar Ruppin, Israel.
Vedru continues to fly this route exclusively. He/she must like it very much.
Vedru arrived here on 20.11.2020, 6 days ago.
Previous data: 24.11.2020, distance 5256 km (+ 17 km in 3 days), same area, near Kfar Ruppin, Israel.
NEW data: 26.11.2020, distance 5269 km (+ 13 km in 2 days), same area near Kfar Ruppin, Israel.
Vedru continues to fly this route exclusively. He/she must like it very much.
Vedru arrived here on 20.11.2020, 6 days ago.
- Michi
- Registered user
- Posts: 3877
- Joined: May 4th, 2013, 3:30 pm
- Location: Berlin, Germany
Birdmap update KARULA
Previous data: 21.11.2020, distance 4994 km (+ 59 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley)
NEW data: 26.11.2020, distance 5026 km (+ 32 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley) in Jordan
Previous data: 21.11.2020, distance 4994 km (+ 59 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley)
NEW data: 26.11.2020, distance 5026 km (+ 32 km in 5 days), same area, near Tal Al-Mantah (Jordan River Valley) in Jordan
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
November 27th
Hello, everyone!
Many thanks, Michi, for the birdmap updates!
It's so good to see that little Vedru seems to find enough food near Kfar Ruppin.
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November27th
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:37:52 (UTC+2), the battery level was 57%.
Karula flew quite a lot today. This route is 30.3 km long.
Hello, everyone!
Many thanks, Michi, for the birdmap updates!
It's so good to see that little Vedru seems to find enough food near Kfar Ruppin.
TRACKER MAP
Karula_November27th
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid= ... sp=sharing
At 17:37:52 (UTC+2), the battery level was 57%.
Karula flew quite a lot today. This route is 30.3 km long.
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg
- sova
- Registered user
- Posts: 29232
- Joined: October 14th, 2015, 7:11 pm
Good evening
Anne .... thank you very much for posting pictures of the * new * storks.
I'm so sorry for little AUDAPOEG ... It is very interesting for me (I am not such an expert) and at the same time, very sad that this brood was so late. Why actually?
Michi, thanks for the cards and pictures
Weather data is available
Nice evening for all
Anne .... thank you very much for posting pictures of the * new * storks.
I'm so sorry for little AUDAPOEG ... It is very interesting for me (I am not such an expert) and at the same time, very sad that this brood was so late. Why actually?
Michi, thanks for the cards and pictures
Weather data is available
Nice evening for all
- Anne7
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- Posts: 10501
- Joined: April 15th, 2016, 3:26 pm
- Location: Belgium
Sovasova wrote: ↑November 27th, 2020, 6:48 pm Good evening
Anne .... thank you very much for posting pictures of the * new * storks.
I'm so sorry for little AUDAPOEG ... It is very interesting for me (I am not such an expert) and at the same time, very sad that this brood was so late. Why actually?
Michi, thanks for the cards and pictures
Weather data is available
Nice evening for all
I don't know either... I suppose we can only guess.
Maybe one of the parents arrived very late?
Or maybe one of the partners didn't come home at all and there was a new (late) partner, like on Karl II's nest.
Another possibility I can think of is that the first clutch has been lost (predation, a storm or a fight on the nest...??) and that the female laid 2 new eggs.
In rare cases, it has been observed (in other nests) that when fighting over the nest and over the female, the attacking new male destroyed a full clutch. Because there are not enough female BS in Estonia, the risk of fights and disturbances will be higher than normal.
There is this Estonian paper, 1 December 2018
Posted here: viewtopic.php?p=685803#p685803
Solitude at periphery:
lack of partners limits reproduction of the Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) at the margin of the distribution range
Annika Konovalov, Rein Nellis, Renno Nellis, Ain Nurmla, Urmas Sellis & Ülo Väli
"... In 48 nest-years sufficient information was collected to distinguish between nests occupied by pairs or single birds. In 17 cases (35.4% of occupied nests) only single adult birds were recorded, with pairs (64.6%) occupying the remainder. In total, 55.8% of nests were visited by other Black Storks (n = 43). These “visitors” were recorded mostly in April (45%; n = 44 visits) and May (36%), before breeding and during egg-laying and incubation.
Although “visitors” were detected more often at nests of single birds (53%) than pairs (37%), the difference was not significant. “Visitors” tended to visit nests more often where breeding had started (eggs laid in 69%, not laid in 57% of nests with “visitors”).
Other storks also tended to visit nests of successful breeders more often (77% successful, 50% unsuccessful), but the difference among these was not significant. Fights between local birds and visiting storks occurred at 13 nests i.e. 40% of visits ended up with fights. However, only in three cases did fights result in loss of eggs. Twice, a stranger destroyed a full clutch and once an egg was broken during a fight, and the remaining eggs were abandoned. Additionally, among nests visited by strangers, breeding was successful twice and not started in nine cases. In three of the latter cases, nests were occupied by a single bird. ..."
https://www.ornisfennica.org/pdf/latest/19Konovalov.pdf
“Clearly, animals know more than we think, and think a great deal more than we know.”
— Irene Pepperberg
— Irene Pepperberg