About the winter life of elks

Photos: Arne Ader
Translation: Liis
 
Põder.
 
  Elk; moose
Põder
 Alces alces    
 
In the last few days elks have showed up in the Forest camera. So this is a good time for some talk about their doings in winter.

What traces do they leave in the forest in winter? Elks have grown a coat with longer hairs for the winter, and so they can sleep even in a snowdrift. When they rise, they simply shake off the water from the melted snow – dirtying the clean white snow with yellow splashes. Dirt and sweat collect in the fur of the large animal, and there aren’t many means for personal hygiene in winter. But elks will not sleep anywhere, they choose places with a good overview of the surroundings and there is a very good reason for this. When asleep, the mighty “defence tools” of the elk, the forefeet, are kept tucked in under the belly, and so it is defenceless against a surprise attack from an enemy.

 
Elk track in a bog birch forest. Ristsaare, Alam-Pedja.
 
In winter the intestines and digestive tract of the elk adapt, from necessity, to feeding from young tree shoots and twigs. Of course a lot has to be eaten, because of the low nutritional value of this diet: up to 40 kg for a full-grown animal. Willows and aspen are favourites. Where a stand of aspen has been cut down at forestry work, elks are soon there: they can recognise the smell of aspen at distances of several kilometres.

In the second half of winter, young pine and spruce stands are often harmed, which of course angers forest owners. Eating birches is a sign of hunger.

 
Elk excrements.


 

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