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Autumn according to the calendar begins on September 23rd, at 6.09 am.

 

Phenologically  early autumn started with lengthening nights and days with decreasing warmth. Grain was harvested and the first coloured leaves appeared in the trees (not to be confused with the yellow caused by droughts). The migrating birds that had nested here gathered and began to leave. 

 

This was followed by a hot period, an „Indian Summer“ or „Old Wives’ Summer“ that may last, given sunny days, until the middle of October, with occasional breaks.

 

Late autumn in nature starts with a massive fall of leaves, the geese leave and the migration of swans continues.

The development of plants is arrested, plants toughen up for winter and a period of rest begins. Salmonid fishes start spawning.

 

Early winter begins with the first heavy snowfall.